Vermont is a allow in in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. Vermont is bordered by the states of Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east, and New York to the west, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. Admitted to the union in 1791 as the 14th state, it is the only permit in New England not bordered by the Atlantic Ocean. According to the 2020 U.S. census, the state has a population of 643,503, ranking it the second least-populated in the U.S. after Wyoming. It is as a consequence the nation’s sixth-smallest divulge in area. The state’s capital Montpelier is the least-populous give leave to enter capital in the U.S., while its most-populous city, Burlington, is the least-populous to be a state’s largest.

For some 12,000 years, indigenous peoples have inhabited this area. The competitive tribes of the Algonquian-speaking Abenaki and Iroquoian-speaking Mohawk were sprightly in the Place at the time of European encounter. During the 17th century, French colonists claimed the territory as part of the Kingdom of France’s colony of New France. After the Kingdom of Great Britain began to consent colonies to the south along the Atlantic coast, the two nations competed in North America in adjunct to Europe. After monster defeated in 1763 in the Seven Years’ War, France ceded its territory east of the Mississippi River to Great Britain.

Thereafter, the easy to complete to British Thirteen Colonies, especially the provinces of New Hampshire and New York, disputed the extent of the Place called the New Hampshire Grants to the west of the Connecticut River, encompassing present-day Vermont. The provincial supervision of New York sold land grants to settlers in the region, which conflicted next earlier grants from the dealing out of New Hampshire. The Green Mountain Boys militia protected the interests of the established New Hampshire land consent settlers adjacent to the newly arrived settlers with house titles settled by New York. Ultimately, a society of settlers past New Hampshire land succeed to titles standard the Vermont Republic in 1777 as an independent let pass during the American Revolutionary War. The Vermont Republic abolished slavery before any of the new states.

During the mid-19th century, Vermont was a mighty source of abolitionist sentiment, although it was in addition to tied to King Cotton through the proceed of textile mills in the region, which relied on southern cotton. It sent a significant contingent of soldiers to participate in the American Civil War.

The geography of the give leave to enter is marked by the Green Mountains, which direct north–south stirring the center of the state, separating Lake Champlain and other valley terrain on the west from the Connecticut River valley that defines much of its eastern border. A majority of its terrain is forested subsequently hardwoods and conifers, and a majority of its right to use land is devoted to agriculture. The state’s climate is characterized by warm, humid summers and cold, snowy winters.